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The Pyramid of Hate and Antisemitism

The examples of past and present antisemitism below correspond with each of the levels of the Pyramid of Hate.

Biased Attitudes

• In a 2021 survey of North American students, one third of respondents between Grades 6 and 12 said they don't know what to think about the Holocaust, think the number of Jews who died has been exaggerated, or question whether the Holocaust even happened.²
• 20% of Americans polled in a 2022 study by the Anti-Defamation League agreed that Jews have “too much power”³

Acts of Bias

• In October 2022, antisemitic symbols appeared at a residence on Queen’s campus.
• In 2021 and 2022, synagogues in Toronto, Kitchener, and Guelph were vandalized with antisemitic graffiti.
• According to Statistics Canada, police-reported hate crimes against the Jewish population rose slightly in 2020 and remained the second most targeted group of hate crimes (after Black populations). Jewish populations were the most targeted group for religious-based hate crimes.⁴
• Social media conspiracy posts blaming Jewish communities for spreading the COVID-19 virus proliferated.⁵
• During the COVID-19 pandemic, some anti-vaccine protestors in Canada equated their experience to Jews during the Holocaust⁶; anti-vaccine protestors also wore yellow stars while other protestors waved Nazi flags.⁷

Systemic Discrimination

• Canada developed and enforced restrictive antisemitic immigration policies designed to keep Jewish refugees from coming here. Between 1933 and 1948, less than 5,000 Jewish refugees were allowed into Canada – the smallest number of any Allied nation.⁸
• Between the 1920s and 1960s, some universities in Canada enforced quotas for the number of Jewish students admitted; historical records show that in the 1940s, Queen’s was concerned about the increase of Jewish students at the university.⁹

Bias-Motivated Violence

• Christie Pits Riots: In August 1933, clashes erupted between Nazi sympathizers displaying swastikas during a baseball game and Jewish and Italian players at a park in Toronto, revealing xenophobic attitudes towards Jews and non-Anglo immigrants.¹⁰ 
• In August 2017, white supremacists rallied in Charlottesville, Virginia chanting “Jews will not replace us.”
• In October 2018, a gunman killed 11 worshippers at a Synagogue in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Genocide

• The Holocaust: the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million European Jews by the Nazi German regime and its allies and collaborators from 1933 to 1945.  In November 2005, the United Nations General Assembly designated January 27th as International Holocaust Remembrance Day – the anniversary of the liberation of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp.

According to the training video produced by the Berkeley Centre for Jewish Studies, common tropes persist today in North America and contribute to conspiracy theories about Jews. These include:

1. Images of Jews as creatures associated with infection, dirt and pestilence.
2. Echoes of the blood libel – claims that Jews murder people and use their blood for Jewish ritual.
3. Accusations of dual loyalty – the idea that Jews are more loyal to one another than the country where they live.
4. The notions that Jews, despite their small number, have enormous power.
5. The association between Jews and wealth, materialism and greed.

Antisemitism is sometimes considered the “canary in the coalmine”¹¹ for hate crimes in general¹². In times of social, economic and political upheaval, narratives scapegoating marginalized groups often include attacks on Jews using antisemitic tropes.¹³ In addition, antisemitic acts are sometimes dismissed because of the myth of disproportionate Jewish economic and political power.¹⁴

Standing in solidarity with all oppressed communities is integral to confronting and tackling all forms of hate.

Resources of Interest

 Undergraduate courses at Queen’s